Working class and racial discrimination

Each period of U. S. history presents an opportunity to think about the history of working class and racial discrimination. Having yet to develop thorough, critical, and radical interpretations of the civil rights struggle, historians have tended to share a sympathetic attitude toward the quest for civil rights. They also lack the advantage recently gained by diplomatic historians with the end of the cold war, and they cannot, and do not want to, declare the straggle to be â€Å"over† because racial discord has not ended and racial justice has not been achieved.Historians will, therefore, continue to write about an ongoing movement for equal rights in which their advocacy and support seem to them important to the movement's success. Surveys of the literature by Upton Sinclair and Anne Moody have already made important contributions in identifying persistent problems. For these writers, direct personal participation preceded writing about the movements. Unlike Sinclair’s The Jungle, Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi is compelling autobiographical narratives in the African American literary tradition.In a voice that is as subtle as it is insistent, as unpretentious as it is uncompromising, Moody maps her coming of age in Mississippi during the repressive 1940s and 1950s and the turbulent early years of the 1960s. Yet Moody’s narrative is more than a poignant personal testimony; it is an immensely valuable cultural document that offers an insightful view of life in Mississippi during the middle decades of the twentieth century and the carefully orchestrated resistance to that way of life that the civil rights movement initiated during the 1960s.The beautiful descriptions of Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi are all very good. They served a purpose and served it well. Coming of Age in Mississippi was a great book. It is lively and warm. It is written with pain and blood and groans and tears. It says not what man should be, b ut what man is forced to be in our world. It presents not what our country should be, but it describes what our country really is, the residence of pressure and unfairness, a nightmare of suffering, an inferno hell, a jungle of wild brutes.But I consider that The Jungle, which has beautiful theories, is even a greater book. It was the novel, which was responsible for the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. In 1906, Sinclair's The Jungle catapulted him into almost-immediate fame. The Jungle became a best-seller in many languages and actually made Sinclair's name known all over the world. The New York Evening World announced: â€Å"Not since Byron awoke one morning to find himself famous has there been such an example of world-wide fame won in a day by a book as has come to Upton Sinclair† (Foner 89).The Jungle produced big public excitement. I think that Upton Sinclair was emotionally involved in the creating of The Jungle. Though Upton Sinclair's The Jungle concentrates mo re on working-class struggle than mobility, it does as well good job in getting readers to think about socialism, immigration, capitalism, and future reform. Written in Chicago's immigrant neighborhood under the name the Back of the Yards, The Jungle beckons readers to look for history of this neighborhood.Descriptions of the neighborhood encourage readers to think about places where the author was writing and to understand historical events. The labor struggle in the book is based on the ineffective stockyard strike by workers of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen in Chicago in 1904. Sinclair, who was there as a journalist for the Socialist weekly Appeal to Reason, stood among a growing number of pro-labor social workers. Unlike Moody, however, Sinclair evidently had much less sympathy for the struggles of African Americans, as his racialist description of the strikebreakers makes clear.In fact, Sinclair described a group of the strikebreakers as â€Å"a throng of st upid black Negroes, and foreigners who could not understand a word that was said to them† (260). Sinclair describes the strikebreakers – especially the African Americans – as idle, unqualified, and threatening. He had the most tractable pupils, however. â€Å"See hyar, boss,† a big black â€Å"buck† would begin, â€Å"ef you doan’ like de way Ah does dis job, you kin get somebody else to do it. † Then a crowd would gather and listen, muttering threats. After the first meal nearly all the steel knives had been missing,and now every Negro had one, ground to a fine point, hidden in his boot (261). Sinclair's recurring mention of African American men as  «bucks » deserves attention. Studying the stereotypes of African Americans, Donald Bogle observes the character of the black buck or black brute in D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation. Bogle depicts the African Americans as â€Å"subhuman †¦ nameless characters setting out on a rampage of black rage. Bucks are always big, baaadd [sic] niggers, over sexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for white flesh† (Foner 41). Sinclair presents a similar stereotype.He dramatizes the accusation by union officials in Chicago where African American strikebreakers brought amoral conditions to the plants because they were more lecherous than white workers. The lack of remonstrance to racist passages gives additional proof of white supremacy during this time, which claimed â€Å"that the Negro belonged to an inferior race and warned their comrades against violating the Caucasian purity of their association†. Unlike Sinclair, Moody presents the South through the eyes of Negro in the battle against Mississippi’s deep-rooted racist institutions and practices that remained largely unchallenged until the 1960s.While Sinclair again minimizes the cruelty against African American workers by simply saying that the â€Å"scab† who made the mi stake of going into Packingtown â€Å"fared badly† (263) Moody emphasizes the harsh realities of life in the Deep South in the mid-twentieth century—in Arkansas and Mississippi, respectively. As the critic Roger Rosenblatt has asserted, â€Å"No black American author has ever felt the need to invent a nightmare to make [her] point† (Foner 89). Touched by the powerful effects of these destructive forces, Ann Moody holds herself with dignity and self-respect.She moves forward toward a goal of self-sufficiency, combining a consciousness of self, an awareness of the political realities of black life in the South, and an appreciation of the responsibility that such awareness implies. Moody, however, is not entirely uncritical of the blacks in Mississippi. In fact, like Richard Wright’s Black Boy, the autobiography of Anne Moody can be read as an articulate yet restrained critique of certain aspects of southern black folk culture. It is a culture of fear that a ttempts to stifle inquisitiveness.Many black adults actively discourage the children from asking probing questions about race relations. A curious black child, they are afraid, might grow up to be a rebellious adult, and rebellion, they knew, could be lethal in Mississippi. When Moody, as a child, wants to know why whiteness is a marker of privilege or when she asks questions about reports of racially motivated violence, she is faced with a wall of silence or sometimes even intimidation. Later when she becomes an activist, some of her relatives plead with her to abandon her activism; some, in fear of white retaliation, refuse to associate with her.However, Moody’s fiercest criticism is directed at the whites. She is relentless in her assault on the Mississippi way of life. While she freely acknowledges the decency of some individual whites, even contemplates the possibility of interracial unity, she carefully exposes how the politics of color informs every aspect of life in M ississippi. With appropriately sharp sarcasm, the title of her autobiography alludes to Margaret Mead’s famous text Coming of Age in Samoa.Mead, an American anthropologist, examines in her work the social rituals and cultural codes that govern an individual’s passage from childhood to young adulthood in a supposedly â€Å"primitive† Samoan culture. In Coming of Age in Mississippi, with nearly anthropological precision, Moody maps her initiatory journey from innocence to experience among the seemingly â€Å"primitive† whites of Mississippi. Coming of Age in Mississippi is divided into four sections. In the first section, titled â€Å"Childhood,† Moody remembers her early years amid the grinding poverty of rural Mississippi.Even though her parents labor in the cotton fields from dawn to dusk almost every day of the week, they are barely able to feed and clothe their children. At age nine Moody starts doing domestic work for white families. After her father abandons the family, she works several hours a day after school and on weekends to help feed her siblings. The opening section of the autobiography concludes with her recollection of her first calculated act of resistance to the southern racial codes. She begins to work for Mrs. Burke, a white woman. On her first day on the job Moody enters Mrs.Burke’s house through the front door. The next day, when she knocks on the front door, Mrs. Burke directs her to the back entrance and Moody complies. However, the following morning, Moody knocks on the front door again. Once Mrs. Burke realizes that she cannot dictate Moody’s conduct, she lets her do the domestic chores without complaining. â€Å"Working for her,† says Moody, â€Å"was a challenge,† and Mrs. Burke would be the â€Å"first one of her type† that Moody would defy as she grows older (117). Moody’s minor revolt against Mrs. Burke foreshadows her later civil rights activism.Her poli tical awakening begins during her teenage years, and Moody chronicles those years in the book’s second section, titled â€Å"High School. † When she asks her mother for the meaning of â€Å"NAACP† (127)—something she had overheard Mrs. Burke mention to a group of white women who regularly meet at her house—her mother angrily tells her never to mention that word in front of any white persons and orders her to complete her homework and go to sleep. Shortly thereafter Moody discovers that there is one adult in her life who could offer her the answers she seeks: Mrs.Rice, her homeroom teacher. Like Mrs. Bertha Flowers in Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Mrs. Rice plays a pivotal role in Moody’s maturation. She not only answers Moody’s questions about Emmett Till and the NAACP, but she volunteers a great deal more information about the state of race relations in Mississippi. Moody’s early curiosity about the NA ACP resurfaces later when she attends Tougaloo College. Titled â€Å"College,† the third section of the autobiography reveals Moody’s increasing commitment to political activism.The fourth and final section of the autobiography, titled â€Å"Movement,† documents Moody’s full-scale involvement in the struggle for civil rights. In the opening chapter of the final section Moody narrates her participation in a sit-in at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Jackson. She and three other civil rights workers—two of them white—take their seats at the lunch counter. They are, predictably, denied service, but the four continue to sit and wait. Soon a large number of white students from a local high school pour into Woolworth’s.When the students realize that a sit-in is in progress, they crowd around Moody and her companions and begin to taunt them. The verbal abuse quickly turns physical. Moody, along with the other three, is beaten, kicked, a nd â€Å"dragged about thirty feet toward the door by [her] hair† (226). Then all four of them are â€Å"smeared with ketchup, mustard, sugar, pies and everything on the counter† (226). The abuse continues for almost three hours until they are rescued by Dr. Beittel, the president of Tougaloo College who arrives after being informed of the violence.When Moody is escorted out of Woolworth’s by Dr. Beittel, she realizes that â€Å"about ninety white police officers had been standing outside the store; they had been watching the whole thing through the windows, but had not come in to stop the mob or do anything† (267). This experience helps Moody understand â€Å"how sick Mississippi whites were† and how â€Å"their disease, an incurable disease,† could prompt them even to kill to preserve â€Å"the segregated Southern way of life† (267). In the chapters that follow she comments on the impact of the assassinations of Medgar Evers and Pre sident John F.Kennedy on the civil rights movement, the escalating turmoil across the South, and her participation in the attempts to integrate white churches in Jackson on the Sunday after the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. The short final chapter ends with her joining a busload of civil rights workers on their way to Washington, D. C. As the bus moves through the Mississippi landscape, her fellow travelers sing the anthem of the civil rights movement: â€Å"We shall overcome† (384). As she listens to the words of the song, Moody wonders. The autobiography ends with two short sentences: I WONDER. I really WONDER† (384).The word wonder, in the context of the autobiography, lends itself to two different meanings. On the one hand, it suggests that Moody is skeptical if blacks in Mississippi will ever â€Å"overcome,† as the anthem asserts. On the other hand, the word reveals her awe over her participation in a mass movement, her remarkable journey from her impove rished childhood on a plantation to her defiant participation as a young adult in a social rebellion that will shake the foundations of Mississippi, and the dignity and determination she sees on the faces of her fellow travelers on the bus to Washington, D. C. Both novels work well in determining the distinction between revolution and reform.The result, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906, was championed as a victory of progressive reform, but in many ways it was a defeat for Sinclair and his revolutionary ambition. Coming of Age in Mississippi expanded coverage and broadened understanding of the black freedom movement beyond the traditional major events, individuals, and institutions. Moody examined the relationship between organized labor and the black freedom struggle. Her book opened new ways of understanding the southern movement.The economic forces that inspired the works by Upton Sinclair and Anne Moody still operate. And the books do more than prove the importance of interracial labor solidarity. The works remind us that racialized enmity and violence are never without moral, political, and socioeconomic consequences. Works Cited Foner, Eric. The New American History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. Laurel Editions, 1992. Sinclair, Upton. The jungle. Memphis, Tenn. : St. Lukes’s Press, 1988.

Ggr252 Notes Essay

To gain a better understanding of the retail and commercial activity in the Toronto area, two different types of retail will be evaluated in the following report. The character, market orientation and location of a retail space all play crucial role in contributing to the success of the business. All three aspects of the retail spheres will be carefully assessed in order to make direct comparisons between the two types of retail businesses. The two retail systems that will be contrasted includes the ancillary retail system in downtown Toronto and the Retail Strip on Spadina, south of Baldwin. Part A – Ancillary Retail (First Canadian Place) The ancillary retail system in downtown Toronto is one of the most unique retail systems in the world. It is an underground shopping center that connects all the major banks and towers in the core of the city. The specific area that we investigate is called â€Å"First Canadian Place† and it is located on King & Bay St. This geographic region is one of the most densely engaged regions in all of Canada and this is because of the large skyscrapers that are located on top of this retail center. Its primary customers are upper-middle class workers that are working in the surrounding banks and institutions. Most of the consumers are not wearing jackets and this suggests that they were able to access this center without going outdoors. This is a significant advantage because people are more willing to go to areas that are easily accessible. The retail center is easily accessible by many different types of transportation. There are two subway stations that are located within this are a and there are also buses on the street level. As well, it is very accessible by foot because the retail center is connected to many other different shopping centers in the core of Toronto. There are many different types of stores in this retail center but they are all focused on â€Å"white collars†. Most of the customers are workers in large firms and they want quick access to different types of stores. This is why there is a large amount of fast-food/food court stores that allow workers to have their lunch quickly and efficiently. The busiest time of the day for this retail center is during lunch hour and rush hours because it is very convenient for all the workers to access this center. A 15 minute pedestrian count during lunch hours (around 1:30pm) indicated that approximately 1993 people access this ancillary retail system. This system  is in private property because it is under many large skyscrapers which are owned by private firms. This system is not very easy to navigate because of the complex connections of different shopping centers. Part B – Spadina, South of Baldwin (China Town) The retail strip on Spadina, south of Baldwin (known as China Town) is a completely different type of retail center. This retail is located outside and it is very easy to navigate since the arrangement of the retail stores is not complex. The streetcar track on Spadina helps people to identify the directions more easily (North ↔ South). This area is accessible by public transportation as a result of the frequent availability of streetcars and subway. There are also parking spots on either side of the road that can accommodate for cars. The area surrounding this retail strip consists of schools, university, and small houses. There are a wide variety of stores within the retail strip, offering customers many selections to choose from. Most of the retail spaces consist of restaurants, fashion and accessories stores, and family health services. However, there are also other services being offered, such as banking services, furthermore, there are meat shop and supermarket. This retail space is considered to be public as the entire business strip is not managed or controlled as a whole by any rules and regulations. And most evidently, the retail strip itself is located on a public street. It is possible that the city planners may have designed the street and the retail area to accommodate for the needs of the surrounding residential area. However, the actual stores and their specific styles and characteristics that each retail business offers are mainly unplanned (there might be some planned aspects). In the pedestrian count that was conducted during lunch time (around 1:30pm), a total of 327 pedestrians were counted during the 15-minute count. Chinatown is geared toward the market segment of low to mid-income individuals. Thus, most of the pedestrians are dressed in casual wear and jackets (Note: stores are located outside – winter period). The majority of consumers in this retail strip are Asians who speak Cantonese or mandarin and large portion of them are seniors. Part C – Compare and Contrast After careful analysis of the above two retail spaces, many similarities and differences can be drawn. First and foremost, both business entities consist of multiple retail stores that offer a vast variety of goods and services. This allows customers to have and opportunity to be exposed to a great selection of goods and services, and also creates convenience for the shoppers. In considering the physical location and layout of the two retail spaces, it is evident that both are located where a large amount of traffic can be found. People arrive at these areas by cars, transit (streetcars in China Town/buses in First Canadian Place, subway, cars for both), and walk, etc. This brings more customers to the businesses, and also helps accommodate for large amounts of traffic, which may be created as a result of it. Therefore, in terms of accessibility, both locations are very convenient to customers everywhere because of public access. The Ancillary Retail System is located in one of the most important commercial centers in Canada. There is a large population working above this system and this allows the system to have many customers during the weekdays. The disadvantage is that workers do not work during weekends would cause the system to have less customers, or the stores in the system might not be even opened during the weekends. The major disadvantage to the retail strip is that since the strip is located outdoors, many people would not be willing to shop outdoors in the cold winter. It is possible that the number of customers in the summer would be greater than the numbers in the winter, but it is more likely that customers would prefer the PATH since the system would have the air conditioning turned on in the summer. In both of the retail areas, we can see their different layouts. In First Canadian Place, most of the food services are centralized in the food court, whereas in the retail strip there are no spe cific patterns or layouts. This might be because it is a public space and the retail center is unplanned. The two different types of retail vary in their composition. The PATH system has more chaining retails than those in the retail strip. The stores’ degree of speciality in the strip is higher, this is because the stores are independent and owned by individuals that has the freedom to decorate the store and sell as they wish, without rules and regulations. Through the evidence from my observations, I believe that the retail strip  is less managed than the Ancillary System, because of the nature of the area. The retail strip is located on a public road, the city planners at most are doing their jobs setting out this area as retail but not as much as planning each store and how many stores of different types for this strip to be successful. The Ancillary Retail though, is a planned center, the land is owned as private property, and therefore, the stores run under rules and regulations. Before the stores can open in this planned center, marketing would have been done to see if th e center can accommodate another such shop in there. I believe that everything that goes in the PATH is carefully monitored and managed by a department under its private owner. Although own is private and one is public, one is planned and one is unplanned, despite these differences, they also have many similarities that kept them both running; their styles and selections attract different kinds of customers. The different specialty stores on the retail strip would attract customers that are looking for uniqueness and those that are looking for Oriental-style cuisines, and the stores in the Ancillary Retail would provide customer with convenience to their everyday needs and quick services such as the fast food services to customers who work nearby. Overall, these two different retail areas have their own qualities that attract customers, and everyday there are changes in the market and changes are made in those types of retail everywhere to suit out changing needs.

Music During The Classical Period Essay - 1833 Words

The term classical generally refers to something that has a wide and long lasting appeal. In music, it indicates the music written from about 1750 to 1825. Balance and order were two of the most important qualities of the music of this period. Simplicity, diversity and elegance prevailed in contrast to what was seen as the excessive, complex characteristics of Baroque music. The seeds of the Classical age were sown by a number of composers whose names are now, for the most part, forgotten. They were representative of a period which is variously described as rococo, a gradual move away from the Baroque style, or galante, a style characterized by symmetry and balance. It was this style that came to dominate the music of the latter half of†¦show more content†¦Large choral works by Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven, and many of Mozarts operas made lasting contributions to the body of vocal literature. The major composers of the time focused, however, on new instrumental styles and forms. Vocal music wasnt nearly as important as it had been in the past. For the most part, the Lieder (songs) written by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are not considered to be as important as their instrumental work. The operas composed by Haydn to entertain the guests at Esterhà ¡zy have vanished into history. Beethoven wrote only one opera, Fidelio. Opera In response to increasing complaints about the baroque style of opera where the stories were always mythical rather than about real people, and the music complex and difficult to comprehend, composers during the classical period developed a new concept called comic opera. Comic opera soon became very popular among the general audience due to its ordinary, unpretentious quality, which featured stories with amusing plots. The audience could easily understand and identify with the characters, and the music was much more approachable. Comic opera was known as opera buffa in Italy, opà ©ra comique in France, and singspiel in Germany. Christoph Willibald Gluck The composer who was first able to bridge the cosmopolitan gap between French and Italian styles of opera was Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787). He was born in Germany, studied in Italy, and became famous in France. In the 1750s, aShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Used During The Classical Period Of Music2056 Words   |  9 PagesIn the first movement of Wolfgang Mozart’s piece Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, it presents numerous features of what is being used during the classical period of music. The recording that was made by the Prague Chamber Orchestra is a good way to hear all of the classical features in the first movement. The first movement is the first track on the album that was published in 1985. While it has an excellent recording of the movement, it is not a traditional quartet but a larger ensemble. Along withRead MoreThe Influences of the Classical Period Essay582 Words   |  3 PagesAustrian composer who was one of the most prominent during the Classi cal Period. His signature place in this Period was shared with other great composers like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. The music during the Classical Period significantly changed after the Baroque Period. The techniques and tastes during this Period changed from loudly expressive and ornate, to simply beautiful and straightforward. The music of the new Period was light and clear, and it was not alone. As it alwaysRead MoreHistory Of Music Has Been Around For Many Years1272 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. Cooke Period 1 English 10 March 2017 History of Music Music has been around for many years. I, for one, have been listening to music for my entire life and I know many people who grew up listening to music. Music influences people and people shape their life around music. Music can brighten anyone’s day. 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The Prince And The Last Days Of Socrates - 1987 Words

A Questionable Principality In The Prince and The Last Days of Socrates, Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Socrates give their respective personal discourses on what makes an effective leader and what are favorable practices of politics. Although both men have intense nationalism and agree on the ends of their operations being a prosperous principality, it is how they plan to get there, in which the two men differ. Machiavelli believes in a cautious, unexamined approach to statecraft where the ends justify the means while Socrates believes in a ruler that is questioned by his people, examines every viable option available, and adheres to a morally correct code of ethics that is driven by the betterment of the soul over the benefit of one’s state.†¦show more content†¦Rather than just basing his rule entirely off of successful predecessors, Socrates would utilize their methods to formulate his own strategies in a more forward-thinking manner. Socrates would examine various ot her means to get to the same end of establishing power and dominance amongst his people, rather than concluding that the method used by Cesare Borgia was the right course of action in the given situation. He would look at Borgia’s exercise in power and question what the man could have done as an alternative to killing his minster. Would it be exiling him? Or perhaps question he would this man like he would do to the so-called â€Å"wise† men of Athens and try to catch him in a lie? These are means that Machiavelli failed to consider in lieu of blindly following the example of rulers’ past. Thus, Socrates would consider Machiavelli’s reliance on historical examples to be not enough when it comes to a successful political system, and would passionately disagree with the unexamined regime the Florentine endorses. In a Machiavellian society, it doesn’t matter how one produces a prosperous principality as long as the people are happy, the state is milit arily stable, and the prince’s jurisdiction is unhindered by any impending aggression towards his rule. If it requires aShow MoreRelatedThe Last Days Of Socrates And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince And The Discourses1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe Last Days of Socrates, and Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince and The Discourses. Both pieces take place during political uncertainty with surrounding societal turmoil. Each take a different approach to how these issues must be dealt with. They each have their own construct of an ideal political regime which, at times overlap, but at others do not. Machiavelli seeks to gain power and wealth while Socrates seeks to gain knowledge and justice. It is because of these differences that Socrates wouldRead MoreThe Political Philosophy Of Niccolo Machiavelli And Socrates1444 Words   |  6 Pageswell-known and notorious philosophers, Niccolo Machiavelli and Socrates laid the groundwork for western political philosophy and modern day p olitics. Though both lived through times of political transition and war, the fragility of their politics, violence of their wars, and the leaders they lived under influenced the development of their differing ideologies about the governing of principalities. From Machiavelli’s experience, came, â€Å"The Prince,† a guidebook about the importance of self-preservation whenRead MoreSimilarities Between Machiavelli And Socrates1534 Words   |  7 Pageswhich guided Socrates were an end all, be all for him. He did not wish to live without his search for truth. Socrates would see a Machiavellian Prince as self-centered, and void of morals. A Machiavellian prince would not appreciate the way Socrates carried himself and would see him as a challenge to his authority. Socrates would not support a Machiavellian society because most likely he would not be free to philosophize as he wished to and would not approve of the methods used by the prince. The discussionRead MoreMachiavelli Vs Plato1614 Words   |  7 PagesRowan DeGasperis Brandon Ives GVPT241 Due: 10/13/17 Socrates’ View on Machiavelli’s Ideologies Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Socrates are two thinkers who are highly regarded, respected, and renowned by today’s scholars due to their roles in shaping their separate versions of an ideal political system during their respective times of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence. Although their opinions vary, the men laid the foundation for present day political establishments and opened up the door forRead MoreSocrates And Niccolo Machiavelli1735 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 1: Socrates and Machiavelli Although Socrates and Niccolo Machiavelli lived in different time periods, the political climate that their philosophies were founded on were very similar. The trial of Socrates began after the Peloponnesian War when the new Spartan Tyranny took over the Athenian government. Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth and disrespecting the gods by the Spartan government. In the eyes of the Spartan government Socrates is a gadfly because of his posing of upsettingRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1660 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Socrates and Machiavelli are as polarized as the phrases â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and â€Å"the ends justify the means.† The Prince by Machiavelli and The Last Days of Socrates by Plato are both crucial texts to the discussion of what makes a good political leader. Well, what makes a good political leader? Socrates would disagree with Machiavelli’s ideation of the Prince because of the immorality that he allows thi s model to have in the public sphere. However, Socrates would findRead MoreSocrates Vs. The Prince1842 Words   |  8 PagesSocrates vs. The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli, a Florentine philosopher and political aficionado from the 16th century and Socrates, a classical Athenian savant who lived during the 5th century B.C., are both judged as being forefathers to modern western political science and thought. The two great men both came from erratic epochs within their respective nations of Italy and Greece: wars, transitions of power, and domestic conflicts left their countries void of sustainable leadership and in desperateRead MoreThe Governing Techniques Promoted By Socrates And Machiavelli1918 Words   |  8 Pagespromoted by Socrates and Machiavelli Prompt: Machiavelli lived during a time of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence. For him, a focus on how to create political power that is long-lasting is critical. Indeed, Machiavelli strives to create a political system that is not characterized by violence as the means to engage in politics. Socrates, too, lived during times of war and political transition. How would Socrates view Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince? Would he find that this Prince wouldRead MoreThe Ideas Of Machiavelli And Socrates1988 Words   |  8 Pagesand Socrates have influenced the leadership styles and approaches of leaders around the world. From Stalin to the founding fathers of the United States, Machiavellian influenced motives and ideals can be seen throughout modern history. Socrates is often referred to as the founder of Western philosophy, and his teachings have been passed on to leaders over the centuries. This paper will state both the Machiavelli’s concept of a ‘Prince’, and present Socrates’ perspective on the ‘ideal’ prince. ItRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1976 Words   |  8 Pagesduring times of war and turmoil, both Socrates and Machiavelli use philosophy to evaluate people and politics. After seeing corruption, fragmentation and death, both philosophers developed different views. Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince includes strong stances on morality and religion. Socrates would be likel y to agree on the general ideas that Machiavelli believes a Prince should have but he would differ mainly in how they should be executed. I believe that Socrates would agree with Machiavelli that

The Movie About Ray Directed By Gaby Dellal - 967 Words

With the emergence of more LGBTQ+ characters in today s media, society is starting to branch out and accept new identities that they were not familiar with beforehand. This new representation comes with benefits, from showing true-to-life portrayals of LGBTQ+ people, and drawbacks such as being misrepresented. One of the most recent works revolving around this topic is the upcoming movie About Ray directed by Gaby Dellal which is supposed to hit theatres this November. The film tells the story of a transgender boy as he goes through his journey of being accepted by his family and his community while he works towards being cleared for hormone therapy. This narrative has stirred up many debates inside and outside of the queer community, mostly pertaining to the heavy plotline and casting of a cisgender, female actress to play Ray. About Ray starts out with Ray, played by Elle Fanning, going to get the documents for hormone replacement therapy and finding out that he needs his estranged father s signature in order to continue. The story then sets off as Ray has to go to his unaccepting father for the approval to be made. From afar, the accuracy of the story does a fair job with portraying the difficult situations Ray faces from insecurities to confusion from his family to blatant unapproval from his father. One example is that Ray is seen getting into a violent situation which ends up with him earning many bruises and injuries. LGBTQ+ people tend to face more violence

Sexual Harasstment Essay Sample free essay sample

AbstractionThe intent of this paper is to give information about sexual torment in the United States. I will explicate what sexual torment is. the types of sexual torment. how does the jurisprudence trade with sexual torment and how can sexual torment be prevent. I want to inform about sexual torment so that manner we can assist to halt this in our workplace and in any topographic point that we might be. Sexual HarassmentWhat is Sexual Harassment?Sexual torment is considered as a signifier of torment which includes any unwanted behavior or remark which has a negative impact on the victim on the victim’s work environment. Sexual torment. like other types of torment is considered as a signifier of favoritism. Some illustrations of this behavior include raging remarks. gags. verbal maltreatment. bullying. menaces. violative images. graffito. sketchs or expressions besides offensive electronic mail messages. Harmonizing to ( Gruber 1997 ; Gutek 1985 ) adult females and work forces may see sexual torment but adult females are more likely to be sexually harassed. Furthermore. adult females are more likely to see negative job-related effects of sexual torment such as discontinuing or losing a occupation due to unwanted sexual progresss ( Dansky and Kilpatrick 1997 ) . Types of Sexual HarassmentThere are three types of sexual torment as identified by Gelfand et Al ( 1993 ) . These include gender torment. unwanted sexual attending and sexual bullying. each of these consists of a assortment of verbal and gestural behaviours. Gender torment involves behaviours that by and large ensue in handover aggressive and mortifying attitudes about adult females such as gender favoritism. Unwanted sexual attending consists of behaviours that are more widely recognized as hassling such as repeated efforts to set up a romantic relationship after refusal ; unwanted touching ; and sexual infliction or assault. Sexual bullying. the least common. yet most universally recognized type of torment. involves menaces for sexual cooperation. â€Å"Not merely is sex torment against the jurisprudence. but so is revenging against person for kicking about sexual torment or for take parting in an probe of sexual torment said ( EEOC. 2011 ) . † How does the jurisprudence trade with sexual torment?Well in the United States. the thought of workplace sexual torment was foremost developed as a legal construct and so as a construct through empirical observation studied by societal and behavioural scientists. In the US. workplace sexual torment is considered a signifier of gender-based favoritism under Federal Law. In 1980. the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission issued a set of guidelines that have become the corner shop of legal and policy definitions of sexual torment throughout the United States. The guidelines describe two general types of sexual torment. The first 1 is called â€Å"Hostile work environment† and it happens where the ambiance of the workplace is made hostile by sexual torment. Hostile environment torment gaining controls those activities. such as sexual gags. remarks. and touching. that interfere with an individual’s ability to make her/his occupation or that create an intimidating. hostile or violative working environment. The second is called â€Å"Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment† . this type of torment involves sexual menaces or corruptness that made a status of employment or used as the footing for employment determinations ( Welsh 2002 ) . How to forestall sexual torment?Well the organisation and the direction in the workplace play a really of import function in the bar of sexual torment. In the event that sexual torment occurs in the workplace. the employer most assume liability for the hostile environment sexual torment if the undermentioned conditions are met: the employer has cognition of the unwanted behavior. the employer is in a place to command the disconcerting behavior and if the employer fails to take immediate and appropriate action. The employer has a large duty in forestalling sexual torment in the workplace. For them to response rapidly and efficaciously. there must be a strong policy that will take at the bar of torment before it really happens. If sexual torment occur. the employer is besides responsible for moving on ailments in a timely and just mode. Each and every charge of sexual torment. regardless of how undistinguished. must be taken earnestly by the direction of an organisation. The EEOC encourages employers to take effectual preventative action to deter sexual torment. Harmonizing to its â€Å"Policy Guidance Memorandum† ( 1988 ) . an effectual preventative plan should include fast bars against sexual torment that are clearly and on a regular basis communicated to employees and efficaciously implemented. There should besides be internal processs for having. and deciding sexual torment claims. This means that it is in the best involvement of the organisation to develop a sexual torment policy ( Robinson et al 1993 ) . In decision. sexual torment should non be tolerated by anyone. The minute an person is been a victim of sexual torment. jurisprudence enforcement must be inform. It might be hard to come up with grounds but the jurisprudence will ever ticket the truth. No person should hold to endure in a hostile work environment ; a workplace should be comfy every twenty-four hours and non a painful environment. Mentions Dansky. B. S. . and Kilpatrick. D. G. ( 1997 ) . Consequence of Sexual Harassment. In O’Donohue. W. T. ( ed. ) . Sexual Harassment: Theory. Research and Treatment. Allyn and Bacon. pp. 152-174 EEOC. ( 2011 ) . Retrieved from web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eeoc. gov/laws/types/sexual_harassment. cfm Gelfand. M. J.Fitzgerald. L. F. . and Drasgow. F. ( 1993 ) . The Structure of Sexual Harassment: A Confirmatory Analysis across civilizations and scenes. Under reappraisal. Gutek. B. A. ( 1985 ) . Sexual activity and the Workplace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gruber. J. E. ( 1997 ) . An Epidemiology of Sexual Harassment: Evidence from North American and Europe. In O’Donohue. W. ( ed. ) . Sexual Harassment. Allyn and Bacon. pp. 152-174 Robinson. R. K. . Allen. B. K. . Franklin. G. M. and Duhon. D. L. ( 1993 ) . Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Review of the Legal Rights and Responsibilities of All Parties. Public Personal Manegment. 22 ( 1 ) : 123 Welsh. S. ( 2002 ) . Gender and Sexual Harassment. Annual Review of Sociology. 169.

Stress can be defined as a sta... free essay sample

Stress can be defined as a state of mental and emotional strain because of challenging situations. Stress has been one of the major challenges faced by nurses today. Kihye et al. points out that Nurse Fatigue has been discovered nationwide as a danger to both nurses and patients safety. According to Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, Nursing is a discipline, calling, and area of training. As a profession, nursing is focused on learning advancement. Emphasis set on finding, portraying, expanding, and changing learning for proficient nursing practice. As a calling, nursing has a social order to be mindful and responsible to the public it serves. Nursing is a vital piece of the therapeutic services framework, and it incorporates the advancement of well-being, counteractive action of sickness, and care of physically, mentally sick, and debilitated individuals of any age, in all human services settings and other group settings. The issue of working long hours has become a tradition in the nursing job. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress can be defined as a sta or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, working long hours has many negative impacts on both nurses and patients safety. Nauret, Rick. Ph. D. states, That working long hours result in burnout, job dissatisfaction and putting patients safety at risk. Nauret goes on to explain, that a study shows that sixty-five percent of nurses who works long hours and also the number of nurses reporting burnout and having thoughts to quit their jobs increased greatly as working hours increased. The article, The 12-Hour Shift: Friend or Foe? states that nurses who work long hours tend to experience fatigue, likely to report poor quality and patient safety than nurses who work few hours. The problem of stress, burnout, job dissatisfaction for both nurses and patients, and fatigue as a result of working long hours can be solved by reducing long hours and making right schedules for nurses. According to Ball J et al, Trinkoff et al. explains that working long hours can have negative results for nurses and patients. Most of these issues are fatigue related. For instance, nurses who work long hours are observed to be at high danger of work problems. Such as needle stick injuries and musculoskeletal issue. A report from PPSA, which talks about the dangers of healthcare fatigue by showing that 1,600 incident or near misses that did not end in harm to the patient were accounted for between June 2004 and August 2013. In general, 88.5% of the occurrences were accounted for as resulting in healthcare worker fatigue. Thirty-seven of the incidents detailed brought about great harm, including four nurses that caused the death of a patient. The main five areas where such adverse events were accounted for were the medical-surgical unit, emergency department, drug store, general medical ward, and laboratory. (Zimlich, 2014). Study shows that they are other factors that are fatigue related. Such as sleep deprivation.Kihye et al states that, Geiger et al explains that nurses operating the 12-hour shifts sleep on average solely five hours between shifts shorter than the seven to eight hours per day recommended by the national heart, lung, and blood institute.